The Vienna Climate Protection Programme

Vienna is a metropolis that lives in harmony with the natural environment, providing a high quality of life for nearly two million inhabitants. We want to ensure that future generations can enjoy the same. Consistent implementation of the Vienna Climate Protection Programme (KliP) plays a key role in fulfilling this aim. In future too, the City of Vienna will continue to work together with Viennese businesses and the Viennese population to improve its high environmental standards in all areas of life - because successful climate protection is a joint endeavour.

Climate protection
Carbon dioxide (CO2), the most important greenhouse gas, is produced during the combustion of coal, oil, gas, petrol and diesel in power plants, heating systems and engines. As large amounts of greenhouse gases are released, the earth’s atmosphere becomes warmer. This "greenhouse effect" is increasingly causing weather extremes, such as droughts, heavy rains, hurricanes and hailstorms. To bring down greenhouse gas emissions, the United Nations adopted the Framework Convention on Climate Change at the 1992 summit in Rio de Janeiro. The subsequent Kyoto Protocol of 1997 sets binding limits on the release of certain greenhouse gases by each country. Under the Kyoto Protocol, the European Union agreed to cut down its greenhouse gas emissions by 8% below the 1990 level during the period between 2008 and 2012. Austria aims to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 13% below the 1990 level during the same period.
"KliP Wien" - the Vienna Climate Protection Programme
The Vienna Climate Protection Programme ("KliP Wien") is the most comprehensive environmental programme ever launched by the city. Including some elements that are unprecedented nternationally, it has been designed to fulfil Austria’s commitments under the Kyoto Protocol (13% reduction of CO2 emissions by 2012). As the programme has progressed, more and more activities have been added, transcending the initial objectives. At present, there are 36 climate protection initiatives, comprising
241 individual actions in the areas of electricity and heat generation, district heating, housing, business, administration and transport. The KliP Programme has not only been developed to
reduce greenhouse gases and improve the quality of life in Vienna. Its many activities also strengthen Vienna’s economy through the creation and protection of jobs. Investments in the energy sector stimulate economic activity and support the labour market.

District heating and electricity generation
Using fuels as efficiently as possible is an important energy policy objective. Vienna’s caloric power plants have been fitted with cogeneration technology that allows the simultaneous generation of heat and electrical power, increasing the efficiency of the power plants by about 10%. Another priority is to cover an increasing share of the city’s electricity and heat needs from renewable energy sources, including solar power, wind, geothermal energy, hydropower and biomass. A significant number of solar-thermal power installations are used to supply hot water and heating, and photovoltaic
plants convert sunlight into electricity. Wind and water are used as energy sources in wind power plants and a mini-hydropower station, and buildings are heated by means of geothermal energy.
Strict eco-label standards are met by a biomass power plant in the south of Vienna that generates electricity and power, and by a biogas plant that supplies thermal energy.
Earth-fire-water-air to support climate improvement
Solar power, wind, hydropower, biomass and geothermal energy are used to supply part of Vienna’s energy in environmentally benign forms such as electricity and heat. These renewable energy sources are an important pillar of the Vienna Climate Protection Programme.
Doubling the efficiency of energy use
CHP, or heat-power cogeneration technology, enables power plants in Vienna to supply both electricity and heat for district heating systems. The technology ensures that fuels are used as
efficiently as possible and substantially improves the efficacy of the power plants run by "Wien
Energie".
Environment-friendly district heating
The heat that is generated in waste incinerators and power plants is used to provide room heating and hot water to 250,000 private households and 5,100 organizations. The further expansion of the district heating system, which is run by "Fernwärme Wien", is one of Vienna’s policy objectives.
Heating pool water with solar power
The water in the public swimming pools of the "Schafbergbad" is maintained at an ideal temperature with the help of a solar energy plant comprising about 2,000 m2 of solar collectors. The total installed solar collector capacity at Vienna’s public swimming facilities is approximately 14,000 m2, saving some 5,200 MWh in district heating and reducing CO2 emissions by about 700 tonnes.
Energy from waste
About 200,000 tonnes of household waste per year are burned in the Flötzersteig incinerator, generating heat that is fed into the district heating system. The thermal energy thus recovered is used as a climate-friendly source of heating for Vienna’s households.
Solar energy for the penguins
The cooling system of the "Polarium", home to the penguins at Schönbrunn zoo, runs on clean solar power. The photovoltaic plant generates about 3,000 kWh of electricity per year - approximately the amount needed to cover the needs of one household.
A railway tunnel provides heat from underground
Geothermal energy from the Lainz railway tunnel is used to run the heating system of
an entire school (Sportmittelschule Hadersdorf). Vienna plans to increase the use of
geothermal energy in the future.
Design and environmental technology
The Spittelau incinerator not only boasts an artistically designed exterior, but also state-of-the-art incineration and flue gas cleaning technology. Electricity and heat are produced from the combustion of about 270,000 tonnes of household waste per year.
An award for climate protection
A modern mini-hydropower plant was built into the historical structure of the Nussdorf lock on the Danube Canal. The plant’s twelve "matrix turbines" generate clean electricity for about 10,000 households. The project received the European Climate Star award in 2004. Minus approximately 17,900 tonnes of CO2 per year.
Clean electricity from the air
The Unterlaa wind farm, which came into operation in the autumn of 2005, comprises four wind energy generators that supply "green and clean" electricity. The wind park’s generation capacity is sufficient to supply 2,700 households with electricity. Minus approximately 4,500 tonnes of CO2 per year.
A world champion in Donaustadt
Using CHP, or heat-power cogeneration technology, block 3 of the Donaustadt power plant achieves an efficiency rate of 86percent, making it one of the world efficiency  champions. The block's capacity is sufficient to supply electricity to about 800,000 and heat to about 180,000 households. Minus approximately 330,000 tonnes of CO2 per year.
Energy from biowaste
The Simmering biogas power plant will start operating in 2007. By fermenting kitchen waste and other organic waste material, it will generate environment-friendly energy to be used for district heating. After completion, the plant will have the capacity to digest 34,000 tonnes of biodegradable waste material per year. Minus approximately 4,000 tonnes of CO2 equivalents per year.
Europe’s biggest wood-biomass power plant
The plant at Wien Simmering will be put into operation by mid 2006. Fuelled by up to 190,000 tons of natural wood chips per year, it will supply district heat to about 12,000 households and electricity to about 48,000 households. Reduction of approximately 144,000 tons of CO2 per year.
Transport
The priorities of the Climate Protection Programme in this area are to reduce traffic, promote ecologically sound transport alternatives, and raise the efficiency of vehicles. The objective is to move as many people as possible away from passenger car transport to ecological transport modes, i.e. public transport, cycling and walking.
Several actions have been launched: a proactive Transport Master Plan has been prepared to define transport strategies and measures for Vienna, the public transport system is continuously being improved, the cycle path network is being extended, and efforts are made to create pedestrian-friendly public spaces. In the central parts of the city, parking space management has been introduced to regulate passenger car traffic. The vehicle fleet of the city administration is being modernized,
using more efficient vehicles for public services such as street cleaning.
Climate-friendly mobility - on foot or bicycle
The bicycle is the fastest means of urban transport for distances of up to 5 km. Through continuous extension of the city’s network of cycle paths, Vienna hopes to raise the share of cycle traffic in the modal transport split to 8% by 2010. Action is also being taken to increase the safety of pedestrians and to make walking a more attractive alternative for short distances.
Transport Master Plan
The Transport Master Plan adopted by Vienna City Council in autumn 2003 describes the desired development of transport in the city over the next 20 years. Its core policy objective is to reduce the share of passenger car traffic from 35% to 25%. Conversely, environmentally benign modes of transport – public transport, cycling and walking – will be further promoted.
Customer-friendly public transport
The City of Vienna is working continuously to improve its public transport system, employing the most environment-friendly technology available. Faster and more convenient connections make the use of tram, bus and underground an even more attractive option. The underground system is currently in its fourth extension phase, and ongoing construction will result in a significant improvement of the tangential tram network.
Green light for pedestrians
Walking is meant to be attractive and convenient for everyone in Vienna, including elderly and disabled persons and people pushing prams or walking with small children. Thurnstiege in the 9th district is a good example of pedestrian-friendly, barrier-free public space design. Many other examples of pedestrian-friendly design of streets and squares are described in the "50 places programme"
Rail-based goods transport
Since summer 2005, Vienna’s trams have been carrying more than human passengers. Wiener Linien, the city’s public transport management company, has started to use the trams to transport freight as well. Initially restricted to the company’s internal use, in future the freight tram will also make deliveries to supermarkets and other recipients, providing an alternative to lorry transport.
Extension of the underground railway network in the north of Vienna
From autumn 2006, the underground line U1 will be extended northwards by about 5 km from Kagran to Leopoldau, giving convenient access to underground transport to another 90,000 of the city’s inhabitants. 
New U2 stop at the football stadium
The first addition to the U2 line will be completed in 2008 - in time for the European Football Championships - to carry passengers to the Prater football stadium. A further extension, to be opened in 2009, will establish a new connection across the Danube. By then, a total length of 9km will have been added to the existing line.
1000 + 1 kilometres for cyclists
By summer 2005, the total length of Vienna‘s network of cycle paths and lanes extended over 1,000 kilometres. The 1,000th kilometre was completed in Vivariumstraße in the 2nd district, providing a new, safe route for cyclists between Böcklinstraße and Obere Donaustraße.
Municipal administration
Vienna’s municipal administration is trying to set an example by applying good practices in climate protection. A broad variety of actions, ranging from minor improvements to large-scale projects, demonstrate how climate protection can be promoted: these include efforts to save energy in civic buildings and environmentally sound policies in areas such as transport and procurement. The latter is implemented through the Vienna EcoPurchasing Programme, which applies ecological principles to all procurement decisions, concerning such diverse goods as detergents, office materials, construction materials and food, as well as services. Under the acronym "PUMA" the municipal administration has established an ecological management system to help reduce its "ecological footprint", i.e. the environmental impact of its activities. Under this system, the city administration sets environmental guidelines for itself, implements them, and evaluates the implementation process and its outcome.
Procurement with an ecological focus
The EcoPurchasing Programme aims at implementing ecological policies in the City of Vienna’s procurement processes. More and more goods and services are purchased on the basis of ecological criteria. The criteria are continuously extended and improved by the Programme’s experts. Application is mandatory throughout the municipality, providing good practice examples for businesses and consumers.
Climate protection in civic building management
The acronym "PUMA" stands for "environmental management in public buildings", a good practice project that has been successfully implemented in several public buildings of the City of Vienna. Continuous improvements are being made, in particular in the areas of energy efficiency, procurement, waste management and transport.
Organic food from the City’s agricultural operations
The City of Vienna owns one of Austria’s largest organic farming operations. About 600 hectares of agricultural land are managed at two sites, Lobau and Essling. Organic farming practices are employed, reducing CO2 emissions by 60%. An increasing proportion of the food served at the
City’s hospitals, care facilities, old people's homes, child daycare centres and schools comes from
organic sources.
Climate protection in urban development
One of the priority objectives of the 2005 Urban Development Plan is the long-term minimization of
resource consumption. Compact zoning, urban development along high-performance public transport
axes and an optimized mix of housing, work, recreation and shopping functions are the main strategies used to achieve sustainable urban development.

Housing
The main objective of the KliP Climate Protection Programme with respect to housing is energy efficiency. Buildings are improved and fitted with thermal insulation to reduce the demand for heating energy. Energy sources that cause substantial emissions of pollutants (coal, oil and electricity) are to be substituted by low-pollutant sources (district heating, renewable energy sources and natural gas). New housing projects have to comply with more stringent thermal insulation standards, and construction materials are to be avoided if they contain halogenated hydrocarbon compounds that contribute to global warming.
Some progress has been made: the "Thewosan" project is being implemented to promote improvements in existing housing to achieve better thermal insulation and energy efficiency. A number of low-energy buildings as well as so-called passive-energy buildings (which do not require conventional heating systems at all) have been built, and some 250,000 apartments in Vienna
are already supplied with district heating. Moreover, solar energy is increasingly used to supply hot water.
Reducing energy consumption and saving heating costs
Every year, improvements are made to the outer shell of thousands of apartments with support from the "Thewosan" subsidization scheme. Upgrading the thermal insulation of façades, windows and roofs results in significant reductions in energy use and heating costs, and modernized heating systems enhance climate protection.
Housing construction in line with climate protection targets
The City of Vienna uses the subsidization of new housing construction as a tool to promote ecologically beneficial projects. Apartment building projects qualify for subsidies only if they meet
the stringent Low Energy Building efficiency standards. Moreover, an increasing number of new projects are so-called passive-energy buildings whose sophisticated energy management systems make conventional heating unnecessary.
Effective subsidies help reduce energy consumption
The City of Vienna provides subsidies for the improvement of energy supply and thermal insulation in existing buildings, including privately owned housing. One example is a  residential building at Promenadegasse 43 in the 17th district, where improvements carried out with the aid of the ”Thewosan” Programme led to a 61percent reduction in heating energy consumption. In addition to better thermal insulation, a new, efficient boiler was installed, and the building’s 33 apartments were connected to a solar energy plant
The ”Thewosan” Programme in municipal housing
With funds from the "Thewosan" Programme, a municipal housing complex with 103 apartments (5th district, Leopold-Ristergasse 5) was retrofitted with improved thermal insulation, reducing the energy needed to heat the building from 120 to 43 kWh/m2. As a result, the inhabitants’ heating energy requirements were reduced by up to 64 percent.
Higher residential quality, lower energy consumption
Buildings that conform to the "Minergie" standard combine comfort and low energy consumption. One example of this type of building can be found in Vienna’s 16th district. Even though it has no corridor windows, the corridors receive natural daylight from roof openings by means of a complex system of mirrors.
Wood goes high-rise
Vienna’s first multi-storey wooden residential building is located in the 21st district. Wood is a natural material that offers many environmental benefits, including sustainable resource use. It provides a comfortable indoor climate and has good insulating properties that help to reduce heating costs.
Passive-energy buildings require minimum energy
Passive-energy buildings, or "passive houses", are designed in such a way as to make conventional heating systems virtually unnecessary. The energy needs of this type of building are about 80percent lower than those of traditionally designed buildings. A room in a passive-energy building can be heated with the amount of energy required to power two light bulbs. The first building of this type in Vienna is located at Kammelweg in the 21st district.

Businesses
The actions in the business sector pursue similar objectives to those in the housing field.
Efficient thermal insulation is built into new business premises, and existing buildings are retrofitted to reduce the amount of heating energy needed. Businesses are encouraged to switch to alternative sources of energy in their production processes, and to optimize these processes for energy efficiency. In heating and hot water supply, high-carbon energy types (coal, oil, electricity) are replaced by low- or no-carbon sources (renewable energy sources, gas, district heating). Major progress has already been made in this field: today, half the energy for heating and hot water comes from district heating systems, and nearly one fifth from natural gas. The Vienna EcoBusinessPlan, a package of ecological services provided for the city’s business community, is supporting the private sector in implementing climate protection activities.
Climate-friendly energy for Vienna’s businesses
Businesses in Vienna are increasingly using district heating and other climate-friendly sources of energy. In 2003, some 50% of the heating requirements of enterprises in the city were already covered by district heating. Between 1993 and 2003, the share of energy from renewable energy sources (such as biomass, solar energy, ambient heat, etc.) climbed by 73%.
Climate protection in the private sector
The purpose of the EcoBusinessPlan is to help enterprises generate "green and clean" profits through ecological management that benefits both the environment and the enterprises, ensuring high quality and financial rewards. The success of the Eco-BusinessPlan illustrates that the voluntary move to apply quality standards that exceed legal requirements creates financial benefits. Several hundred companies already profit from climate protection.
The City and its farms
The City of Vienna owns several agricultural operations - Lobau, Schafflerhof, Magdalenenhof, Laxenburg and Wallhof - which manage arable fields, vineyards, grassland and forests in cooperation with the Lobau and Lainz Forestry Administration Units. Organic farming practices were introduced in 1995 and are applied on 600 hectares of agricultural land, making up fully 75 percent of all land managed by municipal department 49. This means that the City of Vienna runs Austria's largest organic farming operation.
Oven heat for apartments
With a heat-exchanger, energy can be transferred from one object to another. A bakery in the 1st district, after participating in Vienna’s EcoBusinessPlan, is using this technology to heat company flats with heat from the bakery. This helps to save heating costs and reduces energy consumption by 8,000 kWh per year.
Ecological principles in farming operations
The agricultural operation at Lobau is running an organic farming project that applies closed-cycle management practices. The organic wastes of the operation are converted to compost which is used instead of artificial fertilizer.
„Urban Energy Efficiency Programme (SEP)”
Total electricity consumption is also continuing to increase in businesses - not just because of the air conditioning systems already mentioned but also for machinery, equipment, a wide range of appliances and lighting. Therefore a set of suitable measures for limiting this increase were developed within the framework of the “Urban Energy Efficiency Programme (SEP)” specifically aiming at the sectors public and private services, industry and manufacturing.

"KliP Wien" - success stories
Many of the climate protection actions envisaged under the KliP Programme have already been successfully implemented. In the meantime, their cumulative effects are equivalent to a reduction of CO2 emissions by more than 2 million tonnes per year. The City of Vienna supports environmentally sound construction and upgrading of existing buildings through thermal insulation, installation
of district heating and solar power plants, for private households and businesses alike. The public transport system is being continuously improved. Cycle paths, pedestrian-friendly public space design, carsharing initiatives and the "citybike Vienna" scheme provide attractive alternatives to passenger car transport. A pilot project has been launched to test whether trams may be used instead of lorries for freight transport within the city. Actions that support the efficient generation and utilization of energy in modernized power plants, businesses and households are contributing significantly to greenhouse gas reduction. Environmentally sound practices are also employed in the city administration, focusing on procurement, energy utilization, vehicle management and waste prevention efforts.

Tips for climate protection
Everyone can help protect the earth’s climate – and save some money into the bargain. Here are some tips:
•	Be a careful energy user: Ensure proper maintenance of your heating system, switch off your electric cooker earlier, and have showers rather than baths – a lot of hot water takes a lot of energy to heat.
•	Use climate-friendly transport: Every time you travel by underground, tram or bicycle instead of taking the car, you are making an active contribution to climate protection. And if you have to use the car, don’t forget that ballast uses up energy – and clear out the mess. The wrong tyre pressure also adds to the fuel bill, as do roof racks.
•	Enjoy the ecological pleasures of life: Celebrate with earthenware and china instead of partying with disposable plates and cups. Draught beer tastes much better than the canned variety, and it helps to protect the environment.
•	Be a smart shopper: "Use longer, buy less often" makes economic and ecological sense – repair rather than replace! Organically produced food and drinks, carried home in a basket or a shopping bag made of cloth instead of plastic, are good for your health as well as for the environment.

Coordination of Vienna’s Climate Protection
In order to implement the objectives of the "KliP" Climate Protection Programme, a coordinating office was established in Vienna. Headed by Dr. Christine Fohler-Norek, the coordinating office's core team initiates, documents and evaluates actions with the support of an expert network drawn from the city administration. The administrations of Vienna's 23 municipal districts are also involved in the implementation of climate protection measures. In addition, the coordinating office is charged with informing city administration staff and the general public about climate protection activities and raising public awareness regarding climate protection objectives. Efforts are being made to exert some influence at the national and international level to facilitate the achievement of climate protection objectives by Vienna (and other cities).

Executive Office for the Coordination of Climate Protection Measures
Muthgasse 62-64, 
A-1194 Vienna, Austria
Phone: ++43(1)4000 ext. 75081
Fax: ++43(1)4000 ext. 9975080
E-mail: post@mdk.magwien.gv.at
www.wien.at/umwelt/klimaschutz

Credits
Owner and Publisher: Vienna City Administration, Chief Executive Office – Executive Office for the Coordination of Climate Protection Programme
Responsible for the contents: Andrea Fellner
Translation: Vera Ribarich, Angela Parker